2001.08.05.
Whose community ? Whose radio ? :
A comparative study of "Community Broadcasting" radio systems in Australia and Japan
Intrnational Geographical Union:
IGU Regional Conference 2002, 4-7 August, 2002,
Durban, South Africa.
[ABSTRACT]
Whose community ? Whose radio ? :
A comparative study of "Community Broadcasting" radio systems in Australia and Japan
YAMADA, Harumichi
"Community Broadcasting", or "Community Radio", is a relatively new idea both in Australia
and in Japan. Although the origin of such an idea dates back to 1970s, the term has been
established in the framework of broadcasting systems of both countries just recently since
1992. While preceding public and commercial broadcasting sectors more often emphasize the
size of their audience and the universal nature of their nationwide services, community
radio typically serves for a more defined, or focused, group of listeners.
In Japan, a community is nothing but a small-scale local society, roughly in accordance with
a local municipality. A community broadcasting is a low powered version of conventional
radio. Community radio stations are identified as commercial companies, though their
limited markets and high costs to achieve required quality standards prevent them from being
profitable. Most of them are surviving on substantial financial supports from local
municipalities, or locally influential businesses who do not seek direct profits from their
sponsorship for community radio.
In Australia under multiculturalism, a community would be defined more culturally, and in
more diverse manners. A community broadcasting here is distinguished from conventional
radio by its focused programming. While "Narrowcasting", another category of small-scale
radio service, often has highly commercialised characteristics, community radio stations are
non-profit bodies receiving grants from federal government. They are less professional in
nature, largely managed and operated by non-paid volunteers in a far smaller budget than
their Japanese counterparts.
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